1,429 research outputs found
Demetaphorization, anatomy, and the semiotics of the reformation in early modern revenge tragedy
Reformation theology induced a profound thanatological crisis in the semiotics of the human being and the body. The Protestant Reformation discontinued numerous practices of intercession and communal ritual, and the early modern subject was left vulnerable in the face of death. The English Renaissance stage played out these anxieties within the larger context of the epistemological uncertainties of the age, employing violence and the anatomization of the body as representational techniques. While theories of language and tragic poetry oscillated between different ideas of imitatio (granting priority to the model) and mimesis (with preference for the creative and individual nature of the copy), the new anatomical interest and dissective perspectives also had their effects on the rhetorical practices of revenge tragedies. In the most shocking moments of these plays, rhetorical tropes suddenly turn into grisly reality, and figures of speech become demetaphorized, literalized. In a double anatomy of body and mind, English Renaissance revenge tragedy simultaneously employs and questions the emblematic and poetic traditions of representation, and the ensuing indeterminacy and ambiguity open paths for a new mimesis
Növényvédőszerek fotokatalizált degradációjának vizsgálata
Munkánk fĹ‘ cĂ©lkitűzĂ©se a gyakorlatban is szĂ©les körűen felhasznált növĂ©nyvĂ©dĹ‘szerek fotokatalizált bomlási mechanizmusának megismerĂ©se, a köztitermĂ©kek azonosĂtása Ă©s toxicitásának a vizsgálata. Ez utĂłbbi cĂ©lt mikrobiolĂłgiai modelkĂsĂ©rletekkel valĂłsĂtottuk meg, melynek során reprezentatĂv mikroorganizmusokban a peszticidszármazĂ©kok hatására fellĂ©pĹ‘ gátlĂł hatást vizsgáltuk. FotodegradáciĂłs vizsgálataink a peszticidek döntĹ‘ hányadánál releváns, hiszen fĂ©nyĂ©rzĂ©keny anyagokrĂłl van szĂł.A vizsgálatainkhoz választott tizenkettĹ‘ peszticid kĂ©miai szerkezetĂĽket tekintve öt kĂĽlön csoportba sorolhatĂł, szĂ©les körben alkalmazottak, toxicitásuk ismert, de a termĂ©szetben lejátszĂłdĂł bomlási folyamataikrĂłl nagyon kevĂ©s adat áll rendelkezĂ©sre. Ezen tĂşlmenĹ‘en a fotokatalizált degradáciĂłjuk mechanizmusa, a metabolitok kĂ©miai azonosĂtása, illetve azok biolĂłgiai hatásának elemzĂ©se rendkĂvĂĽl fontos rĂ©szletekkel járult hozzá a peszticidek általános jellemzĂ©sĂ©hez Ă©s alklamazásához. A biolĂłgiai hatás modellezĂ©se cĂ©ljábĂłl mikrobiolĂłgiai modellkĂsĂ©rleteket hajtottunk vĂ©gre reprezentatĂv talajmikrobák tesztfajkĂ©nt törtĂ©nĹ‘ alkalmazásával. Kinetikai vizsgálataink által igazoltuk, hogy az egyes peszticidek degradáciĂłja eltĂ©rĹ‘ kinetikai viszonyok között megy vĂ©gbe.A legfontosabb talajalkotĂł fĂ©mekkel törtĂ©nĹ‘ kölcsönhatást modellezĹ‘ kĂsĂ©rleteink hozzárulnak az alapvegyĂĽletek Ă©s bomlástermĂ©keik viselkedĂ©sĂ©nek ,felvehetĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©nek a megĂ©rtĂ©sĂ©hez. | Major goal of our study was to investigate photolytic degradation of distinctive types of pesticides being frequently applied in practice.A special, immersable UV-light source emitting light of 254 nm effected degradation. Subsequent to the irradiation of the sample the isolation of the degradation products was carried out by column-, and gas-chromatography. Identification of degradation species was implemented by mass spectrometry.Each of the studied 11 distinctive pesticides of definitely different chemical structure exhibited definite liability to undergo photolytic decomposition. The degradation mechanisms of the mentioned pesticedes were entirely revealed, and in each case 5 or 6 major degradation species have been detected. Loss of thiomethyl, alkyloxy, alkyl and chloro groups might be regarded as typical ways of transformation.We observed significant differences in the kinetic behaviour of the investigated pesticides by GC-monitoring. The kinetic curves of photolytic decomposition made it possible to compare photosensibility and reaction mechanisms of the studied pesticides.The research on revealing the exact reaction mechanisms of photolytic degradation of pesticides contributes to the proper understanding of behaviour of pesticides, and points out the possible environmental risk factors and ways of proper application.Interaction of soil-constituent metals and pesticides, as well as decomposition products was also investigated
A lángkemencés atomabszorpciós spektrometriás detektálás on-line összekapcsolása elválasztástechnikai módszerekkel (HPLC, GC, CE) környezeti kémiai és speciációs analitikai vizsgálatokhoz = The on-line coupling of flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with separation techniques (HPLC, GC, LE) for environmental and speciation analytical determinations
A speciáciĂłs analitikai vizsgálatok eredmĂ©nyessĂ©ge azon mĂşlik, sikerĂĽl-e a legjobb hatĂ©konyságĂş elválasztási mĂłdszert az adott elemre legĂ©rzĂ©kenyebb detektorral megfelelĹ‘ mĂłdon összekapcsolni. Munkánk cĂ©lja az volt, hogy az általunk kidolgozott lángkemencĂ©s atomabszorpciĂłs spektrometriás mĂłdszerek (BIFF-AAS, TSFF-AAS) esetĂ©n lehetĹ‘vĂ© tegyĂĽk mikroliter tĂ©rfogatĂş minták Ă©rzĂ©keny elemzĂ©sĂ©t. Tanulmányoztuk a szerves oldĂłszerek alkalmazásának hatását a lángkemencĂ©s detektálĂł mĂłdszerrel kapott jelekre. A kidolgozott nagy Ă©rzĂ©kenysĂ©gű AAS technikákat a nagyteljesĂtĹ‘kĂ©pessĂ©gű folyadĂ©kkromatográfiás (HPLC) mĂłdszerrel on-line mĂłdon összekapcsoltuk. HiganyvegyĂĽletek vizsgálatán keresztĂĽl igazoltuk, hogy a kapilláris elektroforĂ©zis kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ technikái kiválĂł felbontĂłerejĂĽknek köszönhetĹ‘en jĂłl használhatĂłak fĂ©mspeciáciĂłs analitikai cĂ©lokra. A kimutatási kĂ©pessĂ©g javĂtása mellett fontos törekvĂ©sĂĽnk volt, hogy az adott mĂ©rĂ©si mĂłdszerrel nagyon kis tĂ©rfogatĂş (akár 1 microL-nĂ©l kisebb tĂ©rfogatĂş) mintábĂłl is kellĹ‘en nagy Ă©rzĂ©kenysĂ©ggel lehessen az adott komponenst meghatározni. A kidolgozott analitikai mĂłdszereket környezeti, biolĂłgiai Ă©s klinikai minták elemzĂ©sĂ©hez alkalmaztuk. | The successfulness of the speciation analysis strongly depends on how effectively the coupling of separation techniques and the most sensitive element-selective detector can be implemented. The aim of our work was to enable the developed flame furnace atomic absorption methods (BIFF-AAS, TSFF-AAS) for sensitive determination of microliter volume of samples. We studied the effect of the applied organic solvents on the the analytical response obtained by flame furnace AAS. The developed highly sensitive AAS techniques were on-line hyphenated with high performance liquid chromatography. Through the analysis of mercury compounds, it was proved that the different methods of capillary electrophoresis are excellently usable for elemental speciation analysis due to the very good separation power of these methods. Besides improving the analytical performance of the developed procedures we made efforts to dramatically reduce the volume of the sample to a minute extent (even smaller than 1 microL) and to analyze these samples sensitively. The developed analytical methods were applied in environmental, biological and clinical samples
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